HIGH
CORTISOL DISEASE DRUG (SP-6300)

SP-6300
has shown the ability to modulate excessive
cortisol levels by lowering the hormone-stimulated
corticosteroid formation in adrenal cells, and
as a result could be a potentially new treatment
for Cushing's Syndrome.
Cushing's
Syndrome is a disorder of the adrenal glands
leading to excess cortisol secretion. This means
that there is too much cortisol hormone in the
blood. Cushing's Syndrome is a hormonal disorder
caused by prolonged exposure of the body's tissues
to high levels of the hormone cortisol. It is
sometimes called "hypercortisolism,'' and
an estimated 10 to 15 of every million people
are affected each year.
Long-term
(chronic) use of corticosteroid medications,
for the treatment of conditions such as lupus,
asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis, is the most
common cause of Cushing's Syndrome. Patients
who develop Cushing's exhibit a variety of symptoms
including weight gain, fatigue, muscle weakness,
diabetes, high blood pressure, depression, and
osteoporosis. If left untreated, Cushing's Syndrome
can lead to death.
Dr.
Greeson, CEO of Samaritan Pharmaceuticals stated,
"There is an urgent need to develop new
therapeutic agents, with a new and different
mechanism of action, for Cushing's. It is commonly
held that the cause of Cushing's is related
to patients taking too much corticosteroid medications.
We believe the addition of SP-6300 to normally
prescribed medications might allow doctors to
prescribe smaller doses of corticosteroid medications;
to possibly decrease corticosteroid side effects,
and increase their efficacy, at the same time."
Cushing's syndrome affects adults 20 to 50 with
an estimated 10 to 15 of every million people
affected each year. Hypercortisolism occurs
when the body's tissues are exposed to excessive
levels of cortisol for long periods of time.
Many
people suffer the symptoms of exogenous hypercortisolism
because they take glucocorticoid hormones such
as prednisone, dexamethasone (Decadron) and
methylprednisolone (Medrol), for asthma, rheumatoid
arthritis, lupus and other inflammatory diseases
or for immunosuppression after transplantation.
People can also develop exogenous hypercortisolism
from injectable corticosteroids -- for
example, repeated injections for joint pain,
bursitis and back pain. While certain inhaled
steroid medicines (taken for asthma) and steroid
skin creams (for skin disorders such as eczema)
are in the same general category of drugs, they're
generally not implicated in hypercortisolism
unless taken in very high doses.
People
also develop endogenous hypercortisolism because
of overproduction of cortisol by the body. Normally,
the production of cortisol follows a precise
chain of events. First, the hypothalamus sends
corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) to the
pituitary gland. CRH causes the pituitary to
secrete ACTH
(adrenocorticotropin), a hormone that stimulates
the adrenal glands. When the adrenals receive
the ACTH, they respond by releasing cortisol
into the bloodstream. Cortisol performs vital
tasks in the body. It helps maintain blood pressure
and cardiovascular function, reduces the immune
system's inflammatory
response, balances the effects of insulin in
breaking down sugar for energy, and regulates
the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and
fats. When the amount of cortisol in the blood
is adequate, the hypothalamus and pituitary
release less CRH and ACTH. This ensures that
the amount of cortisol released by the adrenal
glands is precisely balanced to meet the body's
daily needs.
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